Normally, the contact dermatitis is reversible if the irritant or allergen is removed. The more common form of hemotoxicity results from chemicals acting directly on the hematopoietic tissues (blood-forming tissue). The primary effect is a decrease in formation of specific blood cells so that the number in the circulating blood is reduced, impairing their ability to function normally. For example, phenothiazine and anticonvulsant drugs can damage the bone marrow cells that give rise to the granuloctyes and decreased ability to fight infections.
If the reactions take place within a vessel, the high temperature may increase the vessel pressure to the point that it ruptures or explodes. All compressed gases are potentially hazardous since they are under great pressure in a container. Accidental rupture of the container and the rapid release of the pressurized gas can result in injury to persons and damage to objects in the vicinity. Not only can the gas be released with great force, but the force of the release may propel the container for a long distance. In addition to the mechanical hazard from the pressure or propelled container, other hazards may exist from the released gas.
However, here we are concerned only with effects of toxins on the skin. A variety of skin conditions can arise from exposure to toxic substances. Contact dermatitis or inflammation of the skin can be of two types, irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. The basic inflammatory reaction is the same but the cause and progress of the dermatitis differs.
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Cancer of the hematopoietic tissues also occurs due to exposure to some industrial chemicals and drugs,for example, benzene, chloramphenicol, and phenylbutazone. The HCS definition for hepatotoxins is “chemicals which produce liver damage”. Signs of hepatotoxicity may include jaundice and liver enlargement. Hepatotoxicity includes not only the liver but also the gallbladder and bile duct. The liver is particularly susceptible to foreign chemicals because of its large blood supply and the major role it plays in metabolism.
With irritant dermatitis the effect is immediate without prior exposure, whereas the allergic dermatitis requires previous exposure with the development of allergy or sensitization. Contact dermatitis is common in industry and usually consists of redness , thickening and firmness of skin , flaking , and blisters .
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- In the process of doing a hazard assessment for your workplace, it is almost a certainty you’ll learn information about the operational aspects of your organization you were unaware of prior to the assessment.
- Work alongside employees to make sure allergy they are working effectively.
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These factors can result in exposure to high doses of a toxicant and the production and immediate exposure to potentially toxic metabolites. Decomposition reactions can occur with many chemicals and mixtures. In this process, complex molecules dissociate to form simpler substances. This process may require input of heat or there may be a release of heat during the chemical reaction. The most hazardous reactions are those in which heat is released.
The hazard from some compressed gases may be strictly mechanical (e.g. , compressed air), others may possess other types of hazards, such as being flammable (e.g. , methane and propane) or toxic (e.g. , ammonia and chlorine). Oxidation materials can initiate or greatly accelerate the burning of fuels. Oxygen-containing chemicals (e.g. , hydrogen peroxide and nitrous oxide) and halogens (e.g. , bromine, chlorine, and fluorine) can also be strong oxidizers.
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Aspirin and nitroglycerin can be toxic to megakaryocytes that produce blood platelets. Other toxins, e.g. , arsenic, benzene, and chlordane, can cause a decrease in the formation of all blood elements, a condition known as aplastic anemia.